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Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) fall along a spectrum of joint hypermobility conditions. While they have different diagnostic criteria, they share many overlapping symptoms and similar management strategies.
Both hEDS and HSD are connective tissue conditions that make joints overly flexible and less stable, which can lead to pain, dislocations, and soft tissue injuries. They can also affect connective tissue throughout the body, causing symptoms that go beyond the joints, such as fatigue and digestive issues.
Joint dislocations or subluxations
Chronic pain
Fatigue
Soft, stretchy or fragile skin
Bruising
Poor proprioception
Digestive symptoms
These symptoms can affect people with either hEDS or HSD
hEDS is diagnosed when a person meets strict clinical criteria, while HSD is diagnosed when someone has symptomatic hypermobility but does not meet all the criteria for hEDS. Despite these differences, treatment and self-care approaches are generally the same for both conditions.
Management is often similar for both hEDS and HSD. Physical therapy can help build strength and stability for hypermobile joints. Energy conservation and pacing strategies help people balance activity and rest to avoid flare-ups. Many find that ergonomic supports, braces, or assistive devices provide extra joint protection during daily activities. Mind-body approaches — such as yoga, breathwork, or gentle movement — can help manage pain and improve body awareness.
A multidisciplinary, supportive approach — combining physical therapy, occupational therapy, pain management, and mental health support — works best regardless of whether someone has an hEDS or HSD diagnosis.
Many people with hEDS or HSD also deal with conditions like dysautonomia (especially POTS) and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS).